By Duff-Norton | 20 Dec 2022
When buying a linear actuator, it’s important to choose a product that will fit best with your application and specific demands. Whether you want a high load capacity, a longer duty cycle or something that requires very little maintenance, you’ll need to research each ‘type’ of actuator thoroughly.
In this post, we’ll discuss the advantages and disadvantages of two of the most popular types of linear actuators – hydraulic and electric – to help you find the perfect device for the job.
Hydraulic linear actuators use fluid and pressure to provide movement and apply force. They have a high-power density which enable small package sizes that provide a high load/thrust capacity from a relatively small cylinder. However, system design and cost must also be considered because of the need for auxiliary components to provide pressure, such as motors, pumps, filtration, hoses, and couplings. Pressurized systems also tend to have higher long-term maintenance costs due to the need to contain the integrity of the system for seals, leaks, or other issues that may arise.
These actuators are powered by pumps of incompressible oil. The pressure that the fluid creates moves the cylinders and, in turn, helps move your application.
Electric linear actuators, also known as electromechanical actuators, convert torque to linear displacement (travel and force). They are mechanical components that use electric motors coupled to machine or ball screws and gear sets to provide mechanical advantage. There are many combinations available to supply a wide range of speed and load requirements. These actuators are available with many standard features and numerous options, such as limit switches, position feedback, and more to ensure they can fit a wide range of application needs. While electric linear actuators may have a higher upfront cost and require a larger footprint to install (since they include the motor and mounting), they are easier to maintain and have lower long-term maintenance costs. When sized properly, they are durable and ensure long product life.
Unlike the hydraulic variant, these linear actuators are powered exclusively by motors. The motor powers the lead screw, which is fitted with a nut that runs up and down the thread. This converts the rotary motion into linear movement.
Electric linear actuators allow for precise motion control. While fluid (also known as hydraulic) valves have improved over time, they are not as precise as a motor. Also, if your application has specific needs, such as harsh environment (washdown and sealing options) or requires explosion proof equipment, electric linear actuators are available with options that meet these classification requirements.
Although both variations create a reliable and powerful linear motion for your application, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. So when making your decision, pick the right actuator for your application, specifications and environment.
At the end of the day, making the wrong choice can only cause more hassle in the future, so if you need more guidance to inform your decision, get in touch with a professional who can advise you further.
As a leading engineering manufacturer of reliable industrial lifting and positioning products, Duff-Norton is comprised of individuals with in-depth industry experience. Articles authored by Duff-Norton belong to a collection of blogs written by product and application experts throughout the organization.
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